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Tuesday, July 3, 2012

Stockton, Calif. set for 1st bankruptcy hearing Friday

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/stockton-calif-set-1st-bankruptcy-hearing-friday-214035870--finance.html

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Monday, July 2, 2012

Pinpointing history of droughts through exploration of tree rings: Unexpected complexity in U. S. West's patterns of drought

ScienceDaily (July 2, 2012) ? Through an exploration of tree rings and oxygen isotopes, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are now able to better pinpoint the history of droughts in the arid and semiarid areas of the American West.

A paper published in the online July 2 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences explores the Medieval Climate Anomaly, a particularly warm period occurring in the northern hemisphere of the American West around 950 to 1250 C.E. While this time period is known as being a "dry period," the Pitt researchers have discovered an unexpected complexity to the patterns of drought.

"East of the Cascade Mountains, the Pacific Northwest is now dry and hot in the summer and wet in the winter," said Byron A. Steinman, principal investigator on the project who earned his PhD in geology from Pitt in 2011 and is now a postdoctoral researcher at Penn State University. "We've found that it may not have been dry in the winter in the Pacific Northwest during the Medieval Climate Anomaly."

Steinman, who worked with Pitt professor of geology and planetary science Mark B. Abbott, began by studying tree rings, which often can record past precipitation and temperatures. However, tree rings are more accurate at recording this information during the spring and summer months, when the tree is growing and not lying dormant. To determine the validity of the tree-ring data, the researchers decided to undertake a study of oxygen isotopes for comparison. They explored isotopes found in nearly 1,500 years of bottom-of-lake sediments from two bodies of water in Washington state: Castor Lake and Lime Lake. The isotopic composition of these sediments, says Steinman, can reflect the amount of water entering a lake, especially during the wet season.

The researchers paid particular attention to the calcium carbonate in the water (shown in the form of calcite), as the oxygen in this mineral relates directly to the isotope ratio of lake water. Castor Lake is on a plateau, and the water inflow comes only from precipitation and groundwater. Therefore, no water is lost through evaporation. However, Lime Lake loses the majority of its water through a permanent outflow stream. By comparing the two lakes, the researchers could determine the water balance between evaporation and precipitation.

To pinpoint the time of the drought, the researchers looked at two stable isotopes of oxygen -- oxygen 16 and oxygen 18 -- in the sediments. Oxygen 16 is lighter than oxygen 18, and so during evaporation more of it is released -- the calcite in the sediments containing more of the oxygen 18. If the lakes are full of water, however, there will be more oxygen 16 in the calcite. The layers of sediments that are laid down each year can be dated either using carbon 14 dating of organic material or by locating layers of tephra (volcanic ash).

In the end, however, what they found was a mismatch of data.

"The tree ring and isotope data matched up on a short-term, decadal scale," said Steinman. "However, on a longer-term, century scale, the records diverged. The tree-ring data suggests dry conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly summers while the isotope data suggest wetter-than-expected winters."

In the paper, the researchers suggest a strong centennial relationship over the past 1,500 years between winter precipitation and the climate variability patterns that shift about every 20 to 30 years in the Pacific (known as Pacific Decadal Oscillation-PDO). PDO is linked to the El Nino Southern Oscillation, a tropical phenomenon that influences global weather patterns.

"Before and during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, the North Pacific Ocean was warmer, and Washington had a greater precipitation than during the Little Ice Age, which occurred from 1450 to about 1850 C.E., when there was less precipitation," said Steinman.

Steinman hopes to continue this study, producing additional quantitative precipitation records with different lake systems, to better understand these climate phenomena.

Other researchers on this project were Michael E. Mann, professor of meteorology and geosciences and director of the Penn State Earth System Science Center; Nathan D. Stansell, a former Pitt Ph.D. student who graduated in 2009 and now a research fellow at The Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center; and Bruce Finney, professor of biological sciences at Idaho State University.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Pittsburgh.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Byron A. Steinman, Mark B. Abbott, Michael E. Mann, Nathan D. Stansell, and Bruce P. Finney. 1,500 year quantitative reconstruction of winter precipitation in the Pacific Northwest. PNAS, July 2, 2012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201083109

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120702192506.htm

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Colorado wildfire relief: 'Beginning of the long haul'

By Kari Huus, msnbc.com

Denver -- It's been just a?week since the Waldo Canyon fire crested the mountain range next to Colorado Springs and roared toward the state?s second-largest city.?

In that time, 32,000 people have been?evacuated. Two people have died in the blaze, and 346 homes have?burned to their foundations. Firefighters have been battling 24-7, and with the help of shifting winds, have the fire?55 percent contained, according to the National Interagency Coordinating Center.

While the fire threat is currently waning and many evacuees are returning home, the damage, dislocation and trauma from the wildfire remain. On Sunday, people from the Shadow Mountains subdivision were allowed to return briefly to secure homes that remained standing, or view the charred remains of those that burned.

"For us, it?s the beginning of the long haul," said Anne Marie Borrego, a spokesperson for the Red Cross who accompanied residents. "When disaster occurs ... we are there so much longer, long after the television cameras pack up and leave."

In coming days, msnbc.com will be on the ground in Colorado Springs looking at?the myriad ways that nonprofit groups and volunteers are stepping up to help and rebuild.

The groups at the core of disaster relief are household names like the Red Cross, Salvation Army and FEMA working alongside the local and state governments. They are mainstay organizations for shelter, food and logistics.

Filling the gaps in manpower, funding and niche needs is an army of individual volunteers, nonprofit groups and churches. They are focused on accommodating disabled evacuees, making sure the elderly are protected from the searing heat, fostering hundreds of displaced cats, dogs and cattle, providing fresh socks to weary firefighters and entertaining children in evacuation centers.

Adrees Latif / Reuters

Residents began returning to charred areas of Colorado Springs, Colo., on Sunday after the most destructive wildfire in Colorado history forced tens of thousands of people from their homes and left the landscape a blackened wasteland.

Although firefighting forces are optimistic, and the weather is cooperating, the threat is not gone. On Monday, there were still 1,518 personnel dedicated to containing the Waldo Canyon fire -- now about 17,800 square acres -- supported by heavy air tankers and helicopters, according to the National Interagency Coordinating Center. The growth potential for the fire is listed as "extreme" by the Incident Information System, which tracks fires.

Already?federal firefighting forces are stretched, because there are record-setting fires burning from Montana to New Mexico, the Los Angeles Times reported.

Compounding the fire woes, Colorado Springs police said there have been 22 reported burglaries and attempted burglaries in the evacuated areas, the Colorado Springs Gazette reported. Homes in one evacuated area were invaded by bears, apparently drawn by the smell of rotting food, the report said.

In coming days, look for our posts and video from Colorado Springs covering the creative and inspired ways that people are coping, contributing and rebuilding their community.

Follow Kari Huus on Facebook.

Source: http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/02/12516643-colorado-wildfire-relief-beginning-of-the-long-haul?lite

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Sunday, July 1, 2012

Alec Baldwin and Hilaria Thomas: Married!

Alec Baldwin is once again a married man. The actor married Halaria Thomas on Saturday in front of family and friends in New York City.

There were no Alec Baldwin-photographer incidents on the way to the service.

Ireland Baldwin, the groom's 16-year-old daughter with ex-wife Kim Basinger, was in attendance, along with stars such as Jimmy Fallon, Lorne Michaels, Tina Fey, Mariska Hargitay, Woody Allen and Alec's brothers Billy and Stephen.

Matthew Hiltzik, a friend of the couple, announced the news on Twitter:

"Hilaria Thomas and Alec Baldwin were married this evening in New York City, sharing the occasion with family and friends inside the Cathedral, and Alec warmly receiving congratulations from well-wishing fans on his way into the service."

The bride wore a silk magnolia trumpet Amsale gown with cap sleeves and a keyhole back neckline. The 30 Rock star groom donned a tux from Tom Ford.

The bridesmaids wore eclectic miss-matched dresses, some in black, gray and turquoise, others in bold turquoise-and-purple tie-dyish prints.

The venue was decked out with bridal-white roses, hydrangeas and calla lilies.

Baldwin, 54, began dating Hilaria Thomas, 28, last summer and immediately seemed smitten. They announced their engagement earlier this spring.

Congratulations to the happy couple!

[Photo: WENN.com]

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/07/alec-baldwin-and-hilaria-thomas-married/

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